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Agriculture is one of the most important areas of human activity worldwide. As the population rises there is a need to increase the agricultural production. Present-day farm operations are becoming more and more business oriented. Farming is more than just producing of crops, it requires farmers and landowners to address profitability, fertility, conservation and taxRead more

Tobacco arrived in Europe in the 1500s after the great first voyage to the New World of Christopher Columbus and his expedition. It was widely used and cultivated for medicinal and ritual purposes in many native cultures through Americas which intrigued Jean Nicot de Villemain to bring seeds to the Europe.Nicotiana tabaccum L. is aRead more

Rising global population and thus doubling global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the farmers and sustainability of food production and ecosystems both and the services they provide to society. Farmers are the managers of globally usable lands and by producing the food they shape the surface of theRead more

Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., is a herbaceous perennial plant from family Fabaceae (peas and beans). It’s primarily grown as a forage crop which can be grazed by animals, harvested as hay and used as an animal feed or cut for silage. As a legume, alfalfa can fix nitrogen, so it can be used to increase nitrogenRead more

Nitrogen is naturally occurring element essential for all living beings. It is a compound of all amino acids, and the largest constituent of the Earth atmosphere as inorganic nitrogen gas (N2), which comprises about 80%. In gas form, nitrogen is nonreactive and unusable to plants, so it must go through the conversion process, such asRead more

Hemp is a distinct variety of the plant species Cannabis sativa L. and its name are common of the entire genus Cannabis. Due to the similar leaf shape, hemp is often confused with marijuana, another cannabis plant. The main difference between them is their content of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Marijuana (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) can contain over 20% THC whileRead more

Ground cover management is the manipulation of vegetation ground cover within the orchard to maximize its benefits while minimizing its drawbacks. There are many benefits to be gained by managing the ground cover in orchards, including more rapid tree growth, earlier bearing, greater response to fertilizers, reduced tree stress during periods of dry weather, increasedRead more

Growing or farming season is a period of the year during which growing conditions, like temperature and moisture, are most favorable for cultivation of crops. Understanding when these periods of growth occur helps farmers better manage their farm production and better understand how variability in climate affects the ability of farmers to plant, grow andRead more

Ever since the beginnings of agriculture, cereals have provided unlimited health benefits to mankind. Cereals are primarily grown for human food and livestock feed. In their natural form, like whole grain, cereals are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, oils, and protein. Thus, cereals are grown in greater quantities because they provide moreRead more

Nematodes are pests that harm the plants, but there are also nematodes that protect plants from other insect pests and play beneficial roles in the soil environment. Based on their feeding habits, nematodes can be classified into functional groups- bacterial-feeders, fungal-feeders, and plant parasites. Nematodes are microscopic, worm-like organisms that live in water films andRead more