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Tobacco arrived in Europe in the 1500s after the great first voyage to the New World of Christopher Columbus and his expedition. It was widely used and cultivated for medicinal and ritual purposes in many native cultures through Americas which intrigued Jean Nicot de Villemain to bring seeds to the Europe.Nicotiana tabaccum L. is aRead more

Rising global population and thus doubling global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the farmers and sustainability of food production and ecosystems both and the services they provide to society. Farmers are the managers of globally usable lands and by producing the food they shape the surface of theRead more

Nitrogen is naturally occurring element essential for all living beings. It is a compound of all amino acids, and the largest constituent of the Earth atmosphere as inorganic nitrogen gas (N2), which comprises about 80%. In gas form, nitrogen is nonreactive and unusable to plants, so it must go through the conversion process, such asRead more

Hemp is a distinct variety of the plant species Cannabis sativa L. and its name are common of the entire genus Cannabis. Due to the similar leaf shape, hemp is often confused with marijuana, another cannabis plant. The main difference between them is their content of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Marijuana (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) can contain over 20% THC whileRead more

Nematodes are pests that harm the plants, but there are also nematodes that protect plants from other insect pests and play beneficial roles in the soil environment. Based on their feeding habits, nematodes can be classified into functional groups- bacterial-feeders, fungal-feeders, and plant parasites. Nematodes are microscopic, worm-like organisms that live in water films andRead more

The soil pH is among the most important soil characteristics for crop production. It affects the soil’s physical, chemical and biological properties and processes, as well as plant growth. The nutrition, growth and yields of most crops decrease where pH is low and increase as pH rises to an optimum level. Therefore, to manage soilRead more

Making up 78 percent of the air, nitrogen is an essential element to life on Earth. It’s a component of all proteins and can be found in all living systems. Nitrogen compounds are also present in organic materials, foods, fertilizers, explosives and even poisons.As in the air, nitrogen occurs naturally in organic form in theRead more

Within a few years of planting fruit trees, most farmers find themselves with scraggly overgrown bushes and trees, rather than the Garden of Eden they had envisioned. The key to keeping fruit trees attractive and productive is annual pruning. Pruning is crucial for the management of plant’s life and health. It helps with the growthRead more

The main goal of every farmer, whether he has a small family farm or big cooperation, is to have a productive farm. Aiming to be productive, farmers are faced with many factors limiting farm’s productivity, such as available land, agricultural commodities, weather conditions, crops, market access, farmer’s knowledge, lack of new technologies and other. FarmRead more

With the appearance of first spring flowers, it’s time to start planning activities on farms, from soil preparation to sowing. Spring is an excellent time for sowing of clover-grass mixtures because spring gives the most rain necessary for their growth. Moisture facilitates soil tillage and allows to obtain a fine crumble soil structures which willRead more